{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "7604677e-d534-4517-b4ca-16e4263f297d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#=\n",
    "\n",
    "multiline comment \n",
    "\n",
    "=#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "cb0294f4-230a-403a-b5ba-8c6fdcdf26cd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# basic math\n",
    "1 + 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "7c4a5333-4506-4d2c-8aca-57a98c58e908",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2*3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "4e472842-c29b-435c-903a-9f4a47cc6a5f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "4/2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "6cc6e87c-1fb7-4573-9736-ff0214b4301c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# exponentiation \n",
    "2^3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "66d78556-43b2-4dc6-be89-7620f1fa59ec",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# modulo\n",
    "5 % 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "677d5d98-e3b2-46ad-85ff-28827849686c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Booleans"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "08d0df2a-a7bb-45c1-a3e6-3ae5b6171760",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "true"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "39351477-4b50-4e08-b13f-5ced39d6875b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "false"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "false"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "b8fcfdac-967a-47aa-a1b2-4c72ae28cff9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "false"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 < 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "6991b893-bd6e-4d9f-9b3e-4a8b539814eb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 >= 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "e2034ad0-3ace-4473-88f9-afca82a2f7f7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "false"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "4 == 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "e47842de-68b1-454a-ae5f-82de3cb2c1b5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "4 != 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "9dd81547-85b3-436f-a45d-5f6e9c0dcb48",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "true & true"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "43a3c172-9b14-4b8f-9c7b-1b9e174315d9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "true | false"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "5a757ce0-4a67-47d7-87d4-11a22ec73f0d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# short circuit boolean operators && ||\n",
    "true && true"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "e2af2475-6856-465f-b7c4-a709dab63879",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "false"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 == 1 && 1 > 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "1506ef89-5259-4b8b-8fb1-aa98320f5844",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "89ffb3c3-98e8-44ea-bca2-d9ff89f6cd04",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x =1\n",
    "y = 2\n",
    "z = x+ y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "bc28dda6-39a1-4cb7-a468-6c3a23b6c707",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# how to increment"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "17c4d242-a155-4050-955c-88870c6c50f4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i =1\n",
    "i = i + 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "757ad93e-58e2-4f73-bfb6-e02a955d2d0a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "601adc95-27f9-4154-949b-70aaf1fbf758",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# numbers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "54fa5605-232c-4dca-b5e0-796dd0d5a06e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(-3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "bee4ae6e-347b-48fe-9406-b581738b2f77",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "e8a1b430-1591-45a7-8536-a811a31ddb99",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "12"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "example::Int32 = 12"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "6ab848ba-edbd-4826-97ab-b1a58d6bbde7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Int32"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(example)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "870380a7-f015-4d7f-8c94-0c1b0b5f19c2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.30000000000000004"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "0.1 + 0.2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "6af3ce02-8519-4948-9a4f-c792f2e7bed5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "isapprox(0.1+0.2, 0.3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "1bb895c2-764d-4179-a850-c700de16b72a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1//3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1//3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "id": "ec491fc0-1b19-4779-aa10-0d4db8db9eb6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Rational{Int64}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(1//3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "7eb3e322-503c-4ad7-8402-c421400cf513",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.14159"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "round(pi, digits = 5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "6a9cf2cf-9ed6-4ab9-b536-f0daeeeea2aa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.4142135623730951"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sqrt(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "252139b2-3863-4492-b593-6cdf99969f8a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "1c09a3c6-68a6-45a6-b4a0-edc5d1534c02",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Hello world\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello \"\n",
    "b = \"world\"\n",
    "# concatenation \n",
    "a * b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "68192218-f16f-4ab4-92ff-be542b4ac13b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Arrays"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "86d4d2c4-1a20-4740-983d-3fd23232740e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3-element Vector{Int64}:\n",
       " 1\n",
       " 2\n",
       " 3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "col_vector = [1,2,3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "f842b680-4afb-4190-916f-b97d32459e3f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Vector{Int64}\u001b[90m (alias for \u001b[39m\u001b[90mArray{Int64, 1}\u001b[39m\u001b[90m)\u001b[39m"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(col_vector)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "57424212-b8d6-44d5-ba86-5d8b5d122ce1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1×3 Matrix{Int16}:\n",
       " 1  2  3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "row_vector = Int16[ 1 2 3 ]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "id": "bb947297-6f97-4b6d-ae07-e31c4f7140ba",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Matrix{Int16}\u001b[90m (alias for \u001b[39m\u001b[90mArray{Int16, 2}\u001b[39m\u001b[90m)\u001b[39m"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(row_vector)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "7924f983-39bd-45b4-943c-e4c18dda8d60",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "LoadError",
     "evalue": "BoundsError: attempt to access 3-element Vector{Int64} at index [0]",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "BoundsError: attempt to access 3-element Vector{Int64} at index [0]",
      "",
      "Stacktrace:",
      " [1] getindex(A::Vector{Int64}, i1::Int64)",
      "   @ Base ./essentials.jl:13",
      " [2] top-level scope",
      "   @ In[41]:2"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Julia uses 1-based indexing\n",
    "col_vector[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "177680cd-ae71-4c28-a0dc-2b9492c92443",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "col_vector[3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "585b508a-c273-418a-bd1c-a571daa6637f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# find number of elements in vector \n",
    "length(col_vector)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "b59e8692-d310-4972-9b16-2f5d696f386b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# sum vector elements \n",
    "sum(col_vector)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "66149669-0805-49a4-85b9-7b1054598c2c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3-element Vector{Int64}:\n",
       " 3\n",
       " 2\n",
       " 1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# sort descending \n",
    "sort(col_vector; rev=true)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "id": "02c51016-fcad-4498-ae6e-0206c018a075",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4-element Vector{Int64}:\n",
       "  1\n",
       "  2\n",
       "  3\n",
       " 23"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# add new element to end of vector\n",
    "push!(col_vector, 23)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "id": "aa2a3933-b50f-43b9-969f-aa0002da115f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4-element Vector{Int64}:\n",
       "  1\n",
       "  2\n",
       "  3\n",
       " 23"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The ! means that the vector is modified in place\n",
    "col_vector"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "id": "1fe8a0cf-ed52-4b60-92a6-76cab0c15a3f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "23"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# To remove last element of vector \n",
    "pop!(col_vector)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "id": "0f453b50-0ff6-4d0d-8ed0-dee812d8a091",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3-element Vector{Int64}:\n",
       " 1\n",
       " 2\n",
       " 3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "col_vector"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "id": "2a939b2a-c249-43aa-a3a1-931848a478df",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2×3 Matrix{Int64}:\n",
       " 1  3  5\n",
       " 2  4  6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# construct a matrix with 2 rows 3 columns\n",
    "matrix = [1 3 5; 2 4 6]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "id": "2f8b8f52-c58e-4fb7-89d8-edcb22da6e84",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Matrix{Int64}\u001b[90m (alias for \u001b[39m\u001b[90mArray{Int64, 2}\u001b[39m\u001b[90m)\u001b[39m"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(matrix)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "id": "2d9f30c5-3013-4ee4-a082-3dc1a1ef25d0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# access element in row 1 column 3\n",
    "matrix[1, 3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "id": "a8fcde6a-597c-40de-9375-97f9f312f747",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "id": "ccff89cc-3553-4a02-a903-a095885836fb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(\"dog\", 23.4, \"cat\", 'a')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# construct tuple\n",
    "t = (\"dog\", 23.4, \"cat\", 'a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "id": "635e121c-d90a-453d-873d-c05afe97c285",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Tuple{String, Float64, String, Char}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "id": "93e30598-b590-45c6-9190-f424329e26ef",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Named Tuple"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "id": "6a23a56c-aa9a-425c-bad2-183aa52d8734",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(name = \"eggdog\", age = 3, breed = \"egg-dog mix\")"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog = ( \n",
    "    name = \"eggdog\",\n",
    "    age = 3,\n",
    "    breed = \"egg-dog mix\" )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "id": "ed7fcf69-000f-4023-b970-2b621be719af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "@NamedTuple{name::String, age::Int64, breed::String}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(dog)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "id": "4ca36d0d-6750-4f42-9557-80a910613b4c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"eggdog\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "id": "e35bc0f4-6a68-4444-8a30-c5d862805700",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"eggdog\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog.name"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "id": "271e4433-7e55-4e19-bc43-8dd8073412ff",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Dictionaries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "id": "aff8b4fa-4d41-45d2-9228-3b299e85d73c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Dict{Any, Any} with 3 entries:\n",
       "  \"name\" => :eggdog\n",
       "  :age   => 3\n",
       "  23     => \"eggdog mix\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 65,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog = Dict(\n",
    "    \"name\" => :eggdog,\n",
    "    :age => 3,\n",
    "    23 => \"eggdog mix\" )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "id": "857781d3-82e0-479b-bacf-50b8fe8cf725",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# access value using key"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "id": "0667e7c1-103a-4dbf-9a16-dc8c1234fa1f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":eggdog"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog[\"name\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "id": "5f8ce0e9-5506-498a-92ef-f91470fc3907",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog[:age]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "id": "c4f42e7d-1bb4-427d-8098-ebef11875b7a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Dict{Any, Any} with 3 entries:\n",
       "  \"name\" => :eggdog\n",
       "  :age   => 3\n",
       "  23     => \"eggdog mix\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 69,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "id": "e53e1188-6219-4b02-83c4-eb2cf4704fe9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# remove key value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "id": "4c5fc209-1221-49af-9ec7-6c77e971813c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"eggdog mix\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pop!(dog, 23)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "id": "c8ccaa4f-d114-4fbd-8624-1c598004e596",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Dict{Any, Any} with 2 entries:\n",
       "  \"name\" => :eggdog\n",
       "  :age   => 3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 72,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "id": "b0aae1b0-cff5-447f-b4fd-a65a8722f1ec",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Structs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "id": "6d4f4fc4-f70b-4561-a41b-55a3514edd0f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mutable struct Dog\n",
    "    name::String\n",
    "    age::Integer\n",
    "    breed::String\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "5a992447-ee9e-436f-aaea-c3cd44decdec",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# create struct instance "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "id": "3eed5126-4233-47fd-b84b-4bbb6a4887bf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Dog(\"eggdog\", 23, \"eggdog mix\")"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 76,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mydog = Dog(\n",
    "    \"eggdog\",\n",
    "    23,\n",
    "    \"eggdog mix\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "id": "c2b74499-6483-4c68-8cb0-05dea0504601",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Dog"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 77,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof(mydog)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "c2e0b2ba-b4ed-4905-b7c7-d4f45d709c29",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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